Farashin Karfe

Tabarbarewar tattalin arziƙin da kuɗin fito na zamanin Trump sun taimaka wajen haɓaka farashin karafa na cikin gida don yin rikodi.
Shekaru da yawa, labarin ƙarfe na Amurka yana ɗaya daga cikin mummunan tasirin rashin aikin yi, rufe masana'anta, da gasar ƙasashen waje.Amma yanzu, masana'antar na fuskantar koma baya wanda mutane kalilan suka yi hasashen watannin baya.
Farashin karafa ya kai matsayi mafi girma kuma bukatu ya karu saboda kamfanoni sun kara samar da kayayyaki a cikin annashuwa na takunkumin cutar.Masu kera karafa sun haɗu a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, wanda ke ba su damar yin ƙarin iko akan samarwa.Tsakanin harajin da gwamnatin Trump ta yi kan karafa na kasashen waje ya hana shigo da kaya cikin sauki.Kamfanin karafa ya fara daukar ma'aikata kuma.
Har ila yau Wall Street na iya samun shaidar wadata: Nucor, babban mai samar da karfe a Amurka, shine mafi kyawun kayan aiki a cikin S & P 500 a wannan shekara, kuma hannun jari na masana'antun karfe sun haifar da wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun dawowa a cikin index.
Lourenco Goncalves, Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Cleveland-Cliffs, mai samar da ƙarfe na tushen Ohio, ya ce: "Muna aiki da 24/7 a ko'ina, Kamfanin ya ba da rahoton karuwar tallace-tallace a cikin kwata na baya-bayan nan.""Ayyukan da ba a yi amfani da su ba, muna amfani da su," in ji Mista Gonçalves a cikin wata hira."Shi ya sa muka yi hayar."
Ba a fayyace tsawon lokacin da za a ci gaba da bunkasar ba.A wannan makon, gwamnatin Biden ta fara tattaunawa da jami'an kasuwanci na EU kan kasuwar karafa ta duniya.Wasu ma'aikatan karafa da manyan jami'ai na ganin hakan na iya haifar da faduwar farashin haraji na karshe a zamanin Trump, kuma ana kyautata zaton cewa wadannan kudaden sun kawo sauyi sosai a masana'antar karafa.Duk da haka, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa masana'antar karafa ta ta'allaka ne a cikin manyan jihohin za ~ e, duk wani sauye-sauye na iya zama mara kyau a siyasance.
A farkon watan Mayu, farashin nan na gida na ton 20 na coils na karfe - ma'auni na mafi yawan farashin karafa a kasar ya zarce dala 1,600 kan kowace ton a karon farko a tarihi, kuma farashin ya ci gaba da tsayawa a can.
Rikodin farashin karfe ba zai juyar da shekarun rashin aikin yi ba.Tun daga farkon shekarun 1960, aikin yi a masana'antar karafa ya ragu da fiye da 75%.Yayin da gasar kasashen waje ta tsananta kuma masana'antar ta koma tsarin samarwa da ke buƙatar karancin ma'aikata, sama da ayyuka 400,000 suka ɓace.Amma hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya kawo kyakkyawan fata ga garuruwan karafa a duk fadin kasar, musamman bayan rashin aikin yi a lokacin bala'in ya jefa aikin karafa na Amurka zuwa mafi karancin albashi.
"A bara mun kori ma'aikata," in ji Pete Trinidad, shugaban kungiyar 6787 na gida na United Steel Workers, wanda ke wakiltar kusan ma'aikata 3,300 a Cleveland-Cliffs Steel Plant a Burnsport, Indiana.“Kowa ya samu aiki.Muna daukar aiki a yanzu.Don haka, eh, wannan jujjuyawar digiri ce 180. ”
Wani bangare na dalilin karuwar farashin karafa shi ne gasar da ake yi a kasar baki daya na kayayyakin masarufi kamar itace, gypsum board da aluminum, yayin da kamfanoni ke kara gudanar da ayyukansu domin tinkarar rashin isassun kayayyaki, da babu kowa a ciki da kuma jiran kayan da aka dade ana jira.
Amma karuwar farashin kuma yana nuna canje-canje a masana'antar karafa.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, fatara da hadewar masana'antu da kuma mallakar masana'antu sun sake tsara sansanonin samar da kayayyaki na kasar, kuma manufofin kasuwanci na Washington, musamman ma harajin da Shugaba Donald J. Trump ya dorawa kansa ya canza.Hanyoyin ci gaba na masana'antar karfe.Ma'auni na iko tsakanin masu siyar da ƙarfe na Amurka da masu siyarwa.
A bara, bayan samun matsala mai kera AK Karfe, Cleveland-Cliffs ya mallaki mafi yawan masana'antar ƙarfe na Giant ɗin Karfe na duniya ArcelorMittal a Amurka don ƙirƙirar kamfani mai haɗaka da ƙarfe da tanderun fashewa.A watan Disambar shekarar da ta gabata ne dai kamfanin US Steel ya sanar da cewa, zai mallaki babban kamfanin Big River Steel, mai hedikwata a Arkansas, ta hanyar siyan hannun jari a kamfanin da bai riga ya mallaka ba.Goldman Sachs ya yi hasashen cewa nan da shekarar 2023, kusan kashi 80% na samar da karafa na Amurka za a sarrafa su ne ta kamfanoni biyar, idan aka kwatanta da kasa da kashi 50 cikin 100 a cikin 2018. Haɗin kai yana ba kamfanoni da ke cikin masana'antar ikon ci gaba da haɓaka farashin ta hanyar kiyaye tsauraran matakan sarrafawa.
Haka kuma farashin karafa ya yi nuni da kokarin da Amurka ke yi na rage shigo da karafa a shekarun baya-bayan nan.Wannan shi ne na baya-bayan nan a cikin jerin ayyukan ciniki masu alaƙa da ƙarfe.
Tarihin karafa ya ta'allaka ne a cikin manyan jihohin za ~ e irin su Pennsylvania da Ohio, kuma ya da]e hankalin 'yan siyasa.Tun daga shekarun 1960, yayin da Turai da kuma Japan suka zama manyan masana'antun karafa daga zamanin baya-bayan nan, an inganta masana'antar a karkashin gudanarwar bangarorin biyu kuma galibi suna samun kariya daga shigo da kaya.
Kwanan nan, kayayyaki masu arha da ake shigowa da su daga kasar Sin sun zama babban abin da ake kaiwa hari.Shugaba George W. Bush da shugaba Barack Obama duk sun sanya haraji kan karafa da ake kerawa a China.Mista Trump ya bayyana cewa, kare karafa shi ne ginshikin manufofin kasuwanci na gwamnatinsa, kuma a shekarar 2018 ya sanya karin haraji kan karafa da ake shigowa da su kasar.A cewar Goldman Sachs, shigo da karafa ya ragu da kusan kwata kwata idan aka kwatanta da matakan 2017, wanda hakan ya ba da dama ga masu kera a cikin gida, wadanda farashinsu ya kai dalar Amurka 600/ton sama da kasuwar duniya baki daya.
An sauƙaƙa waɗannan kuɗin fito ta hanyar yarjejeniyar kashe-kashe tare da abokan ciniki kamar Mexico da Kanada da keɓancewa ga kamfanoni.Amma an aiwatar da harajin haraji kuma za a ci gaba da amfani da kayayyakin da ake shigo da su daga kasashen EU da kuma manyan masu fafatawa a China.
Har zuwa kwanan nan, an sami ɗan ci gaba a harkar kasuwancin karafa a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Biden.Sai dai a ranar litinin, Amurka da Tarayyar Turai sun bayyana cewa sun fara tattaunawa don warware rikicin shigo da karafa da aluminum, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yakin kasuwanci na gwamnatin Trump.
Ba a bayyana ko tattaunawar za ta kawo wani gagarumin ci gaba ba.Koyaya, suna iya kawo siyasa mai wahala a Fadar White House.A ranar Laraba, gamayyar kungiyoyin masana'antun karafa da suka hada da kungiyar ciniki ta masana'antar karafa da kungiyar ma'aikatan karafa ta yi kira ga gwamnatin Biden da ta tabbatar da cewa ba a canza kudaden haraji ba.Jagorancin kawancen yana goyon bayan Shugaba Biden a babban zaben 2020.
"Cire harajin karafa a yanzu zai gurgunta ci gaban masana'antarmu," kamar yadda suka rubuta a wata wasika zuwa ga shugaban.
Kakakin ofishin wakilan cinikayyar Amurka Adam Hodge, wanda ya sanar da shawarwarin cinikayyar, ya bayyana cewa, abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne, "mafi tasiri mai inganci kan matsalar karancin karafa da aluminium a duniya a kasar Sin da sauran kasashen duniya, tare da tabbatar da hakan. dorewar rayuwa."Karfe da aluminum masana'antu.”
A masana'anta a Plymouth, Michigan, Clips & Clamps Industries yana ɗaukar ma'aikata kusan 50 waɗanda suke tambari da siffata ƙarfe zuwa sassan mota, kamar ƙwanƙolin ƙarfe waɗanda ke buɗe murfin yayin duba mai.
"A watan da ya gabata, zan iya gaya muku cewa mun yi asarar kuɗi," in ji Jeffrey Aznavorian, shugaban masana'antun.Ya alakanta asarar da aka samu a wani bangare na yadda kamfanin ya biya farashin karafa.Mista Aznavorian ya ce ya damu matuka cewa kamfanin nasa zai yi hasarar ga masu samar da kayayyakin motoci na kasashen waje a Mexico da Canada, wadanda za su iya sayen karafa mai rahusa tare da bayar da rahusa.
Ga masu siyan karafa, da alama abubuwa ba su da sauƙi nan da nan.Masu sharhi kan titin Wall Street kwanan nan sun tayar da hasashen farashin karafa na Amurka, suna yin la'akari da hadin kan masana'antu da dagewar harajin zamanin Trump na Biden, a kalla ya zuwa yanzu.Waɗannan mutane biyu sun taimaka ƙirƙirar abin da manazarta Citibank ke kira "mafi kyawun yanayin masana'antar karafa a cikin shekaru goma."
Shugaban kamfanin Nucor Leon Topalian ya ce tattalin arzikin kasar ya nuna karfinsa na iya shawo kan farashin karafa, wanda ke nuna irin yawan bukatar murmurewa daga cutar."Lokacin da Nucor ke da kyau, abokin cinikinmu yana da kyau," in ji Mista Topalian."Yana nufin abokan cinikin su suna yin kyau."
Birnin Middletown a kudu maso yammacin Ohio ya tsira daga mummunan koma bayan tattalin arziki, kuma ayyukan samar da karafa 7,000 sun bace a duk fadin kasar.Middletown Works- wata babbar masana'antar karfe ta Cleveland-Cliffs kuma ɗayan mahimman ma'aikata a yankin-ta gudanar don guje wa kora.Amma tare da karuwar bukatar, ayyukan masana'anta da lokutan aiki suna karuwa.
"Muna matukar yin aiki da kyau," in ji Neil Douglas, shugaban ƙungiyar gida na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Duniya da Ma'aikatan Aerospace a 1943, wanda ya wakilci fiye da ma'aikata 1,800 a Middletown Works.Mista Douglas ya ce yana da wuya masana’antar ta samu karin ma’aikata da za su dauki ayyukan yi tare da albashin da ya kai dala 85,000 duk shekara.
Hukuncin masana'antar yana bazuwa cikin gari.Mista Douglas ya ce idan ya shiga cibiyar inganta gidaje, zai gana da mutane a masana'antar inda ya fara wani sabon aiki a gida.
"Tabbas za ku iya ji a garin cewa mutane suna amfani da kudaden shiga da za a iya kashewa," in ji shi."Idan muka gudu da kyau kuma muka sami kudi, tabbas mutane za su kashe kudi a cikin birni."