Ntu ígwè
Okwu Mmalite ngwaahịa
A na-ejibu ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ ígwè kpụọ ntu, ndị na-eji ígwè na ntu na-akpụkwa ya.Ndị omenkà ndị a na-eji mkpara ígwè kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ bụ nke ha kpụrụ tupu ha kụchie akụkụ ya bụ isi.Mgbe ọ gbasachara ma bepụ ya, onye na-eji ígwè ma ọ bụ ntu ahụ na-etinye ntu na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime oghere ma kpoo ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, a na-emepụta ụzọ ọhụrụ nke ịmepụta ntu site na iji igwe na-ehichapụ mbọ ahụ tupu ị na-emegharị mmanya ahụ n'akụkụ iji mepụta ọkpụkpụ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-akpụ mbọ ntu Ụdị A site na ụdị guillotine ígwè ígwè site na iji ígwè ọrụ mbụ.Usoro a gbanwere ntakịrị ruo n'afọ 1820 mgbe a tụrụ isi ọhụrụ na nsọtụ ntu ahụ site na igwe isi ntu dị iche iche.N'afọ ndị 1810, a na-atụgharị ogwe ígwè mgbe ọrịa strok ọ bụla gasịrị, ebe ihe nhazi dị n'akụkụ.A na-akpụcha ntu ọ bụla site na taper na-enye ohere ijide ntu ọ bụla na-akpaghị aka nke mekwara isi ha.[15]Ụdị ntu B ka e kere otu a.N'afọ 1886, pasent 10 nke ntu ndị e mere na United States bụ ụdị waya dị nro dị iche iche na ka ọ na-erule 1892, mbọ waya nchara na-agafe ntu ígwè dị ka isi ụdị ntu a na-emepụta.Na 1913, ntu waya bụ pasent 90 nke ntu niile e mepụtara.
A na-ejikarị ígwè eme mbọ taa, a na-etinyekarị ya ma ọ bụ kpuchie ya iji gbochie nrụrụ n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike ma ọ bụ iji meziwanye nrapado.Ntu nkịtị maka osisi na-abụkarị nke dị nro, obere carbon ma ọ bụ "dị nro" ígwè (ihe dịka 0.1% carbon, nke fọdụrụ na ígwè na ikekwe ọ bụ silicon ma ọ bụ manganese).Ntu maka ihe siri ike siri ike, yana 0.5-0.75% carbon.
Ụdị Ntu GỤKWUO:
- ·Ntu aluminom - Ejiri aluminom mee ya n'ọtụtụ ụdị na nha maka iji ọla eji arụ ụlọ aluminom mee
- ·Igbe ntu - dị ka ankịtị ntuma jiri mkpịsị aka dị gịrịgịrị na isi
- ·Brads dị obere, dị gịrịgịrị, tapered, ntu nwere egbugbere ọnụ ma ọ bụ ntule n'otu akụkụ kama isi zuru oke ma ọ bụ obere ntu imecha..
- ·Ala brad ('stigs') - larịị, tapered na angular, maka iji na-edozi mbadamba ala.
- ·Oval brad - Ovals na-eji ụkpụrụ nke igwe mgbaji agbaji wee kwe ka ntu na-enweghị nkewa.Ihe anisotropic dị ukwuu dị ka osisi mgbe niile (ma ọ bụghị ihe ndị mejupụtara osisi) nwere ike ịwakọta ngwa ngwa.Ojiji nke oval perpendicular na ọka osisi na-egbutu eriri osisi kama ịkewa ha iche, wee si otú a na-enye ohere ikegide na-enweghị nkewa, ọbụna nso n'akụkụ.
- ·Ntụtụ panel
- ·Tacks ma ọ bụ Tintacks dị mkpụmkpụ, ntu ntụ ntụ na-ejikarị kapet, akwa na akwụkwọ a na-ebipụkarị site na ígwè mpempe akwụkwọ (na-emegide waya);A na-eji tack eme ihe n'ịkwa akwa, ịkpụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ na imepụta sadulu.Ụdị akụkụ atọ nke akụkụ obe ntu ahụ na-enye aka dị ukwuu na obere ịdọkasị ihe dị ka akwa na akpụkpọ anụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ntu waya.
- ·Brass tack - A na-ejikarị ọla kọpa eme ihe ebe nrụrụ nwere ike ịbụ okwu, dị ka arịa ụlọ ebe kọntaktị na nnu akpụkpọ anụ mmadụ ga-eme ka corrosion na ntu ígwè.
- ·Uwe ụgbọ mmiri - Ntu na-ejide (ma ọ bụ na-akụchi) ntu.A na-agbanye ntu ahụ ka ọ nwee ike ịtụgharị ya n'onwe ya site na iji ígwè na-ekpuchi ya.Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-esi n'akụkụ chere isi ntu ahụ ata azụ n'ime osisi, na-akpụ eriri dị ka eriri.
- Akpụkpọ ụkwụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ - Ntu na-ekpuchi anya (lee n'elu) maka ịkpụ akpụkpọ anụ na mgbe ụfọdụ osisi, nke a na-ejibu akpụkpọ ụkwụ ejiri aka mee.
- ·Ihe mkpuchi kapeeti
- ·Ngwongwo ihe eji eme ihe - eji etinye ihe mkpuchi na arịa ụlọ
- ·Thumbtack (ma ọ bụ "push-pin" ma ọ bụ "ịdọrọ-pin") bụ ntụtụ dị fechaa iji chekwaa akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ kaadiboodu. Ntu ntu - nwere isi nke na-akpụ akpụ nke ọma, ma e jiri ya tụnyere isi nke "steepụ".mechaa ntu.Mgbe a na-etinye ihe mkpuchi n'akụkụ windo ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụzọ, ha na-ekwe ka a na-ekpochapụ osisi ahụ na obere mmebi mgbe ọ dị mkpa, na-enweghị mkpa ịgbaji ihu nke mkpuchi ahụ iji jide ma wepụ ntu ahụ.Ozugbo ewepụrụ ihe mkpuchi ahụ, enwere ike ịwepụta mbọ ahụ site na etiti dị n'ime ya na ntu ọ bụla a na-emebu.
- ·Clout ntu - ntu elu ụlọ
- ·Ntu ntu - ntu emebere maka ojiji na egbe ntu pneumatic agbakọtara na eriri igwe
- ·Ntu nkịtị - shank dị nro, ntu waya nwere isi dị arọ, dị larịị.The ahụkarị ntu maka framing
- ·Convex isi (isi ara ara, isi mmiri) ntu mkpuchi ụlọ - isi nche anwụ nwere gasket rọba maka ịgbado ụlọ elu igwe, na-enwekarị mgbanaka mgbanaka.
- ·Ntu ọla kọpa - mbọ ejiri ọla kọpa mee maka iji ọla kọpa na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụ slate shingles wdg.
- ·D-isi (isi ntu) ntu - ntu nkịtị ma ọ bụ igbe nwere akụkụ nke isi wepụrụ maka ụfọdụ egbe ntu pneumatic.
- ·Ntu nwere ngwụcha okpukpu abụọ - ụdị ntu na-adịghị ahụkebe nwere isi na nsọtụ abụọ na "isi" n'etiti maka ijikọta mbadamba ọnụ.Lee patent a.Yiri ntu dowel mana nwere isi na shank.
- ·Isi okpukpu abụọ (duplex, formwork, shutter, scaffold) ntu - eji maka ntu nwa oge;ntu nwere ike ịdọrọ n'ụzọ dị mfe maka mgbasa ma emechaa
- ·Ntu dowel - ntu nwere ọnụ okpukpu abụọ na-enweghị "isi" na shank, otu nchara gburugburu na-amụba na nsọtụ abụọ ahụ.
- ·Drywall (plastaboard) ntu - mkpụmkpụ, siri ike, mgbanaka-shank ntu nwere isi dị oke mkpa
- ·Ntu ciment fiber - ntu maka ịwụnye siding ciment fiber
- ·Mechaa ntu (ntu isi mgbọ, ntu isi furu efu) - Ntu waya nwere obere isi nke a chọrọ ka a na-ahụ ya nke ọma ma ọ bụ chụpụ ya n'okpuru osisi na oghere jupụtara ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya.
- ·Gang ntu - efere ntu
- ·Pin hardboard - obere ntu maka idozi hardboard ma ọ bụ plywood dị mkpa, na-enwekarị ọkpụkpụ square
- ·Ntu akpụkpọ ụkwụ - mbọ iji jide akpụkpọ ụkwụ ịnyịnya na ụkwụ
- ·Ntu nkochi ime akwa - mbọ pụrụ iche emere maka iji ya na hangers joist na ihe nkwado yiri ya.Mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ "Teco mbọ" (1+1⁄2× .148 mbọ mbọ na-eji igwe njikọ dị ka njikọ ifufe)
- ·Ntu isi furu efu - hụ ntu imecha
- ·Masonry (concrete) - ntu gbajiri ogologo ogologo, ntu siri ike maka ojiji na kọmpụta
- ·Ntu waya oval - mbọ nwere mkpịsị oval
- ·Ntụtụ panel
- ·Gutter spike – Nnukwu ntu ezubere iji jide gọọmenti osisi na ụfọdụ gọọmentị ígwè n'ebe dị na nsọtụ elu ụlọ.
- ·Mgbanaka (annular, emeziwanye, jagged) ntu shank - mbọ nke nwere mkpuru osisi na-agba gburugburu shank iji nyekwuo nkwụsi ike ịdọpụ.
- ·Ntu ntu (clout) - n'ozuzu obere ntu nwere isi sara mbara nke ejiri shingle asphalt, akwụkwọ nwere mmetụta ma ọ bụ ihe ndị yiri ya.
- ·Screw (helical) ntu - ntu nwere ihe mkpuchi gburugburu - ejiri ya gụnyere ala na ikpokọta pallets.
- ·Shake (shingle) ntu – obere mbọ isi ga-eji maka ntu ntu na shingles
- ·Sprig - obere ntu nke nwere ma ọ bụ nke na-enweghị isi, ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ ọkpụkpụ square nwere isi n'otu akụkụ. A na-ejikarị glaziers na-edozi ụgbọ elu iko n'ime osisi osisi.
- ·Ntu square - ntu ịkpụ
- ·Ntu isi T - nke emere ka mkpụrụedemede T
- ·Ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi
- ·Waya (French) ntu - okwu n'ozuzu maka ntu na gburugburu shank.A na-akpọ ndị a mgbe ụfọdụ ntu French sitere na obodo ha mepụtara
- ·Ntu jikọtara waya-weld – ntu ejikọtara ọnụ na waya ndị dị gịrịgịrị maka iji egbe ntu ntu.
TERMINOLOGY:
- · Igbe: ntu waya nwere isi;igbembọ nwere obere shank karịankịtịmbọ nke otu nha
- ·Na-egbuke egbuke: enweghị mkpuchi elu;A naghị atụ aro maka ikpughe ihu igwe ma ọ bụ osisi acidic ma ọ bụ osisi a na-agwọ
- ·Casing: ntu waya nwere isi dịtụ ibu karịaimechambọ;a na-ejikarị eme ala
- ·CCma ọ bụEkpuchiri: "Cment kpuchiri";ntu nke ejiri nrapado kpuchie, nke a makwaara dị ka simenti ma ọ bụ gluu, maka ike njide ka ukwuu;nakwa resin- ma ọ bụ vinyl mkpuchi;mkpuchi na-agbaze site na esemokwu mgbe a chụpụrụ ya iji nyere mmanu mmanu wee na-arapara mgbe ọ dị jụụ;agba dịgasị iche site na ndị nrụpụta (tan, pink, bụ ndị nkịtị)
- ·A na-ahụkarị: ntu waya a na-ewukarị nke nwere isi yiri diski nke na-adịkarị 3 ruo 4 n'obosara nke shank:nkịtịmbọ nwere nnukwu shanks karịaigbembọ nke otu nha
- ·Bee: ntu square mere igwe.A na-eji ya eme ihe ugbu a maka mmepụta ihe ma ọ bụ mweghachi akụkọ ihe mere eme
- ·Duplex: ntu nkịtị na isi nke abụọ, na-enye ohere maka mmịpụta dị mfe;a na-ejikarị arụ ọrụ nwa oge, dị ka ụdị kọmpat ma ọ bụ ihe ntugharị osisi;mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ "ntu scaffold"
- ·Drywall: ntu ọpụrụiche na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke nwere isi sara mbara nke dị gịrịgịrị, nke a na-eji kegide mgbidi gypsum na ndị na-akpụ osisi.
- ·Mechaa: ntu waya nke nwere isi naanị ntakịrị ibu karịa shank;Enwere ike zoo ya ngwa ngwa site na iji ntu tinye obere ntu n'okpuru elu nke emechara wee jiri ntu juju ihe na-esi na ya pụta (putty, spackle, caulk, wdg).
- ·Agbaghara: ntu ejiri aka mee (nke na-abụkarị square), nke onye na-akpụ osisi ma ọ bụ ntu na-adị ọkụ, nke a na-ejikarị eme mgbanwe ma ọ bụ mweghachi akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke a na-erekarị dị ka ihe ndị na-anakọta ihe.
- ·Galvanized: a na-emeso ya maka iguzogide corrosion na/ma ọ bụ ikpughe ihu igwe
- ·Electrogalvanized: na-enye nkwụsị nke ọma na ụfọdụ nguzogide corrosion
- ·galvanized na-ekpo ọkụ: na-enye njedebe siri ike nke na-etinye zinc karịa ụzọ ndị ọzọ, na-ebute nguzogide corrosion dị elu nke dabara maka ụfọdụ osisi acidic na ọgwụgwọ;
- ·Igwe igwe galvanized: na-etinye zinc karịa electrogalvanizing maka mmụba corrosion na-eguzogide
- ·Isi: gburugburu ewepụghị ígwè mpempe kpụrụ n'elu nke ntu;maka ụbara ike njide
- ·Helix: ntu ahụ nwere ọkpụkpụ square nke agbagọ, na-eme ka ọ sie ike ịdọpụ ya;a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na decking ya mere a na-ejikarị galvanized ha;mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ntu decking
- ·Ogologo: anya site na ala nke isi ruo n'ókè nke ntu
- ·Ihe mkpuchi phosphate: a gbara ọchịchịrị isi awọ ruo oji imecha na-enye a elu na-ejikọta nke ọma na agba na nkwonkwo compound na ntakiri corrosion iguzogide.
- ·Ntụtu aka: njedebe dị nkọ n'ihu "isi" maka ịdị mfe ịnya ụgbọ ala
- ·Ogwe osisi: ogologo ogologo (2+1⁄2n'ime 8 na, 6 cm ruo 20 cm), mgbanaka mgbanaka (lee n'okpuru ebe a), mbọ siri ike;na-agbanyụ mmanụ ma ọ bụ galvanized (lee n'elu);a na-ejikarị arụ osisi, ụlọ ọla (ọba osisi)
- ·Mgbanaka mgbanaka: obere mgbanaka ntụziaka na shank iji gbochie ntu ka ọ ghara ịrụ ọrụ azụ ozugbo a kpọbatara ya;a na-ahụkarị na mgbidi akọrọ, ala ala, na mbọ ntu osisi
- ·Shank: ahụ ogologo ntu n'etiti isi na isi;nwere ike ịdị ire ụtọ, ma ọ bụ nwee mgbanaka ma ọ bụ spirals maka ike njide ka ukwuu
- ·Sinker: ndị a bụ mbọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe taa;otu mkpa dị mkpa dị ka igbe ntu;ciment kpuchie (lee n'elu);A na-akpụkwa ala isi ya dị ka mkpọmkpọ ebe ma ọ bụ olulu, a na-etinyekwa elu isi ya ka ọ ghara ịpụ apụ.
- ·Ọgba: nnukwu ntu;na-adịkarị karịa 4 in (100 mm) ogologo
- ·gburugburu: ntu waya gbagọrọ agbagọ;gburugburumbọ nwere obere shanks karịankịtịmbọ nke otu nha