Mtengo wachitsulo

Kubwereranso kwachuma komanso mitengo yanthawi ya Trump yathandizira kukweza mitengo yazitsulo zam'nyumba kuti ifike pamwamba.
Kwa zaka zambiri, nkhani ya zitsulo za ku America yakhala imodzi mwa zotsatira zowawa za kusowa kwa ntchito, kutsekedwa kwa fakitale, ndi mpikisano wakunja.Koma tsopano, makampaniwa akukumana ndi kubwereranso komwe anthu ochepa adaneneratu miyezi ingapo yapitayo.
Mitengo yazitsulo idakwera kwambiri ndipo kufunikira kwachulukira chifukwa makampani adachulukitsa kupanga mkati mwa kuchepetsa ziletso za mliri.Opanga zitsulo aphatikizana chaka chatha, zomwe zimawalola kuti azilamulira kwambiri pakupereka.Misonkho ya olamulira a Trump pazitsulo zakunja imapangitsa kuti katundu asatuluke kunja.Kampani yazitsulo inayambanso kulemba ntchito.
Wall Street imatha kupezanso umboni wa chitukuko: Nucor, wopanga zitsulo zazikulu kwambiri ku United States, ndiwopambana kwambiri mu S&P 500 chaka chino, ndipo masheya opanga zitsulo apanga zina mwazobweza zabwino kwambiri mu index.
Lourenco Goncalves, Chief Executive Officer wa Cleveland-Cliffs, wopanga zitsulo ku Ohio, adati: "Timagwira ntchito 24/7 kulikonse, Kampaniyo inanena kuti malonda ake awonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa kwambiri.""Masinthidwe osagwiritsidwa ntchito, tikugwiritsa ntchito," adatero Bambo Gonçalves poyankhulana."Ndichifukwa chake talemba ntchito."
Sizikudziwika kuti boom itenga nthawi yayitali bwanji.Sabata ino, oyang'anira a Biden adayamba kukambirana msika wazitsulo padziko lonse lapansi ndi akuluakulu azamalonda a EU.Ena ogwira ntchito zachitsulo ndi akuluakulu amakhulupirira kuti izi zingayambitse kugwa komaliza kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali mu nthawi ya Trump, ndipo anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mitengoyi yachititsa kusintha kwakukulu mumakampani azitsulo.Komabe, poganizira kuti mafakitale azitsulo akukhazikika m'mayiko akuluakulu osankhidwa, kusintha kulikonse kungakhale kosakondweretsa ndale.
Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, mtengo wam'tsogolo wapakhomo wa matani 20 azitsulo zachitsulo-chizindikiro cha mitengo yambiri yazitsulo m'dzikoli-inadutsa $ 1,600 pa tani kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri, ndipo mitengo inapitirirabe kumeneko.
Kulemba mitengo yazitsulo sikungasinthe zaka zambiri za ulova.Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, ntchito m'makampani azitsulo zatsika ndi 75%.Mpikisano wakunja utakula ndipo makampaniwo adasinthiratu njira zopangira zomwe zimafunikira antchito ochepa, ntchito zopitilira 400,000 zidasowa.Koma kukwera kwamitengo kwadzetsa chiyembekezo m'matauni achitsulo m'dziko lonselo, makamaka kusowa kwa ntchito panthawi ya mliriwu kudapangitsa kuti ntchito zachitsulo zaku US zikhale zotsika kwambiri.
"Chaka chatha tidachotsa antchito," atero a Pete Trinidad, wapampando wa bungwe la United Steel Workers la 6787, lomwe likuyimira antchito pafupifupi 3,300 ku Cleveland-Cliffs Steel Plant ku Burnsport, Indiana.“Aliyense ali ndi ntchito.Tikulemba ntchito tsopano.Chifukwa chake, inde, uku ndi kutembenuka kwa madigiri 180. ”
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zikukwera kwamitengo yazitsulo ndi mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa zinthu monga nkhuni, gypsum board ndi aluminiyamu, pamene makampani akuwonjezera ntchito kuti athe kuthana ndi kuperewera kwazinthu, maunyolo opanda kanthu komanso kuyembekezera kwa nthawi yaitali kwa zipangizo.
Koma kuwonjezeka kwamitengo kumasonyezanso kusintha kwa mafakitale azitsulo.M'zaka zaposachedwa, kutayika kwa bankirapuse ndi kuphatikizika ndi kugulidwa kwamakampaniwo kwakonzanso maziko opangira dzikolo, ndipo ndondomeko zamalonda za Washington, makamaka mitengo yamitengo yomwe Purezidenti Donald J. Trump adakhazikitsa yasintha.Chitukuko chamakampani azitsulo.Kugwirizana kwa mphamvu pakati pa ogula zitsulo aku US ndi ogulitsa.
Chaka chatha, atapeza wopanga zovuta AK Steel, Cleveland-Cliffs adapeza zitsulo zambiri za ArcelorMittal padziko lonse lapansi ku United States kuti apange kampani yachitsulo yophatikizika yokhala ndi chitsulo ndi ng'anjo zophulika.Mu Disembala chaka chatha, US Steel idalengeza kuti ilamulira Big River Steel, yomwe ili ku Arkansas, pogula magawo mu kampani yomwe ilibe kale.Goldman Sachs akulosera kuti pofika chaka cha 2023, pafupifupi 80% ya zitsulo za US zidzayendetsedwa ndi makampani asanu, poyerekeza ndi zosachepera 50% mu 2018. Kuphatikizika kumapangitsa makampani opanga makampani kukhala ndi mphamvu zolimba kuti mitengo ipitirire kukwera kwamitengo mwa kukhala ndi ulamuliro wokhwima pakupanga.
Mitengo yachitsulo yokwera kwambiri imasonyezanso zoyesayesa za United States zochepetsera katundu wachitsulo m’zaka zaposachedwapa.Izi ndi zaposachedwa kwambiri pazochita zamalonda zokhudzana ndi zitsulo.
Mbiri yachitsulo imakhazikika m'maboma akuluakulu achisankho monga Pennsylvania ndi Ohio, ndipo akhala akuyang'ana kwambiri ndale.Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1960, pamene Ulaya ndipo kenako Japan anakhala opanga zitsulo zazikulu kuyambira nthawi ya nkhondo itatha, makampaniwa adalimbikitsidwa pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka mayiko awiri ndipo nthawi zambiri ankapeza chitetezo chochokera kunja.
Posachedwapa, zinthu zotsika mtengo zotumizidwa kuchokera ku China zakhala cholinga chachikulu.Purezidenti George W. Bush ndi Purezidenti Barack Obama onse adakhazikitsa mitengo yamitengo pazitsulo zopangidwa ku China.Bambo Trump ananena kuti kuteteza zitsulo ndiye mwala wapangodya wa ndondomeko yazamalonda ya boma lake, ndipo mu 2018 anaika mitengo yowonjezereka pazitsulo zochokera kunja.Malinga ndi Goldman Sachs, katundu wachitsulo watsika pafupifupi kotala poyerekeza ndi 2017, kutsegulira mwayi kwa opanga m'nyumba, omwe mitengo yawo nthawi zambiri imakhala US $ 600 / tani kuposa msika wapadziko lonse.
Misonkho iyi yachepetsedwa kudzera m'mapangano anthawi imodzi ndi ochita nawo malonda monga Mexico ndi Canada komanso kusakhululukidwa kwamakampani.Koma mitengo yamitengo yakhazikitsidwa ndipo ipitilizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazogulitsa kunja kuchokera ku EU ndi omwe akupikisana nawo ku China.
Mpaka posachedwa, pakhala pakuyenda pang'ono mu malonda azitsulo pansi pa ulamuliro wa Biden.Koma Lolemba, United States ndi European Union adanena kuti ayamba kukambirana kuti athetse mkangano woitanitsa zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu, zomwe zinathandiza kwambiri pa nkhondo yamalonda ya Trump.
Sizikudziwika ngati zokambiranazi zibweretsa zopambana zazikulu.Komabe, atha kubweretsa ndale zovuta ku White House.Lachitatu, mgwirizano wamagulu ogulitsa zitsulo kuphatikiza gulu lazamalonda lopanga zitsulo ndi United Steel Workers Union adapempha oyang'anira a Biden kuti awonetsetse kuti mitengo yamitengo isasinthe.Utsogoleri wamgwirizanowu umathandizira Purezidenti Biden pachisankho chachikulu cha 2020.
"Kuchotsa mitengo yachitsulo tsopano kusokoneza ntchito yamakampani athu," adalemba kalata yopita kwa purezidenti.
Adam Hodge, mneneri wa Ofesi ya United States Trade Representative, amene analengeza nkhani malonda, anati cholinga cha zokambirana ndi "njira zothetsera vuto la zitsulo padziko lonse ndi aluminiyamu overcapacity ku China ndi mayiko ena, pamene kuonetsetsa ake. kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali. ”Makampani athu azitsulo ndi aluminiyamu.”
Pafakitale yake ku Plymouth, Michigan, Clips & Clamps Industries ili ndi antchito pafupifupi 50 omwe amapondaponda ndi kuumba zitsulo kukhala zigawo zamagalimoto, monga zitsulo zomwe zimatsegula chitseko poyang'ana mafuta a injini.
"Mwezi watha, ndingakuuzeni kuti tataya ndalama," adatero Jeffrey Aznavorian, pulezidenti wa opanga.Ananenanso kuti kutayikako kwachititsa kuti kampaniyo ikhale ndi mitengo yokwera yazitsulo.Bambo Aznavorian adati akuda nkhawa kuti kampani yawo iluza makampani akunja ogulitsa zida zagalimoto ku Mexico ndi Canada, omwe angagule zitsulo zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo.
Kwa ogula zitsulo, zinthu sizikuwoneka ngati zosavuta posachedwa.Ofufuza a Wall Street posachedwapa adawonetsa zoneneratu zamitengo yachitsulo yaku US, ponena za kuphatikizika kwamakampani komanso kulimbikira kwamitengo ya Biden motsogozedwa ndi a Trump, osachepera mpaka pano.Anthu awiriwa adathandizira kupanga zomwe akatswiri a Citibank amatcha "chiyambi chabwino kwambiri chamakampani azitsulo m'zaka khumi."
Mkulu wa bungwe la Nucor a Leon Topalian adati chuma chawonetsa kuthekera kwake kutenga mitengo yamtengo wapatali yazitsulo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwakuti achire ku mliriwu."Nucor ikachita bwino, makasitomala athu akuyenda bwino," adatero Bambo Topalian."Zikutanthauza kuti makasitomala awo akuchita bwino."
Mzinda wa Middletown kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Ohio udapulumuka pakugwa kwachuma, ndipo ntchito zopanga zitsulo 7,000 mdziko lonse lapansi zidasowa.Middletown Works-chomera chachikulu chachitsulo cha Cleveland-Cliffs komanso m'modzi mwa olemba ntchito ofunikira kwambiri m'derali - adakwanitsa kupewa kuchotsedwa ntchito.Koma ndi kuchuluka kwa kufunikira, ntchito zamafakitale ndi maola ogwira ntchito zikuchulukirachulukira.
"Tikuchita bwino," atero a Neil Douglas, wapampando wa bungwe la International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers mu 1943, omwe adayimira antchito opitilira 1,800 ku Middletown Works.A Douglas ati zinali zovuta kuti fakitale ipeze antchito ena oti alembe ntchito ndi malipiro apachaka okwana $85,000.
Kung'ung'udza kwa fakitale kukufalikira kutawuni.A Douglas ananena kuti akalowa m’malo okonza nyumba amakumana ndi anthu kufakitale komwe amakayambitsa ntchito yatsopano kunyumbako.
"Mutha kumva m'taunimo kuti anthu akugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe amapeza," adatero."Tikathamanga bwino ndikupeza ndalama, anthu amathera mumzinda."