Ixabiso lentsimbi

I-rebound yezoqoqosho kunye neerhafu zexesha likaTrump ziye zanceda ukutyhala amaxabiso entsimbi yasekhaya ukuba abhale phezulu.
Kangangamashumi eminyaka, ibali lensimbi yaseMelika ibe yenye yeempembelelo ezibuhlungu zokungaqeshwa, ukuvalwa kwefektri, kunye nokhuphiswano lwangaphandle.Kodwa ngoku, ishishini lifumana ukubuya kwabantu abambalwa ababekuqikelele kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo.
Amaxabiso entsimbi afikelele phezulu kwaye imfuno inyuke ngenxa yokuba iinkampani zonyuse imveliso phakathi kokunyenyiswa kwezithintelo zobhubhane.Abavelisi bentsimbi baye badibanisa kunyaka odlulileyo, okubavumela ukuba basebenzise ulawulo olungaphezulu ekuboneleleni.Uluhlu lwamaxabiso olawulo lukaTrump kwintsimbi yangaphandle igcina impahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle ingabizi kakhulu.Inkampani yentsimbi yaqala ukuqesha kwakhona.
I-Wall Street ingakwazi ukufumana ubungqina bokuchuma: I-Nucor, umvelisi omkhulu wensimbi e-United States, iyona nto ihamba phambili kwi-S & P 500 kulo nyaka, kwaye i-stocks yabakhiqizi bensimbi yenze ezinye zeembuyekezo ezilungileyo kwisalathisi.
U-Lourenco Goncalves, iGosa eliLawulayo eliLawulayo laseCleveland-Cliffs, umvelisi wensimbi ose-Ohio, uthe: "Sisebenza 24/7 kuyo yonke indawo, Inkampani ibike ukwanda okukhulu kwiintengiso zayo kwikota yamva nje.""Iinguqu ezingasetyenziswanga, sisebenzisa," utshilo uMnu Gonçalves kudliwano-ndlebe.“Yiyo loo nto siqeshe.”
Akucaci ukuba i-boom iya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani.Kule veki, ulawulo lweBiden luqale ukuxoxa ngentengiso yentsimbi yehlabathi kunye namagosa orhwebo e-EU.Abanye abasebenzi bensimbi kunye nabaphathi bakholelwa ukuba oku kunokukhokelela ekuweni kokugqibela kwiirhafu kwixesha leTrump, kwaye kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba ezi ntlawulo ziye zavuselela utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwishishini lensimbi.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba imboni yensimbi igxininiswe kwiindawo eziphambili zonyulo, naluphi na utshintsho lunokuba lungathandeki kwezopolitiko.
Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ixabiso lexesha elizayo lasekhaya leetoni ezingama-20 zeekhoyili zetsimbi-i-benchmark yamaxabiso amaninzi ensimbi kwilizwe-idlule i-$ 1,600 ngetoni okokuqala kwimbali, kwaye amaxabiso aqhubeka ehlala apho.
Ukurekhoda amaxabiso ensimbi akayi kuguqula amashumi eminyaka yokungasebenzi.Ukususela ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1960, ukuqeshwa kwishishini lentsimbi kuye kwawa ngaphezu kwe-75%.Njengoko ukhuphiswano lwamazwe angaphandle luye lwaqina kwaye ishishini litshintshela kwiinkqubo zemveliso ezifuna abasebenzi abambalwa, imisebenzi engaphezu kwama-400,000 yanyamalala.Kodwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuzise ithemba kwiidolophu zentsimbi kwilizwe liphela, ngakumbi emva kokungaqeshwa ngexesha lobhubhani kutyhalele ukuqeshwa kwentsimbi yase-US kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi kwirekhodi.
“Kunyaka ophelileyo siye sadenda abasebenzi,” watsho uPete Trinidad, usihlalo wombutho wasekuhlaleni we-6787 weUnited Steel Workers, omele abasebenzi abamalunga nama-3,300 kwiCleveland-Cliffs Steel Plant eBurnsport, eIndiana.“Wonke umntu ufumene umsebenzi.Siyaqasha ngoku.Ke, ewe, eli lithuba le-180-degree.
Inxalenye yesizathu sokunyuka kwamaxabiso entsimbi kukukhuphisana kwelizwe lonke kwizinto ezifana neenkuni, ibhodi yegypsum kunye ne-aluminium, njengoko iinkampani zandisa ukusebenza ukuze zihlangabezane ne-inventory eyaneleyo, iintambo zokubonelela ezingenamntu kunye nokulinda ixesha elide kwizinto eziluhlaza.
Kodwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kubonisa utshintsho kwishishini lensimbi.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-bankruptcy kunye nokudibanisa kunye nokuthengwa kweshishini kuye kwahlengahlengisa iziseko zemveliso yelizwe, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezorhwebo yaseWashington, ngokukodwa iirhafu ezibekwe nguMongameli uDonald J. Trump, zitshintshile.Umkhwa wophuhliso loshishino lwentsimbi.Ibhalansi yamandla phakathi kwabathengi bentsimbi yase-US kunye nabathengisi.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, emva kokufumana umvelisi okhathazekileyo u-AK Steel, uCleveland-Cliffs wafumana ininzi yezityalo zentsimbi ye-giant steel giant ArcelorMittal e-United States ukudala inkampani yensimbi edibeneyo enentsimbi kunye neziko eziqhumayo.NgoDisemba wonyaka ophelileyo, i-US Steel yabhengeza ukuba iza kulawula ngokupheleleyo iBig River Steel, enekomkhulu e-Arkansas, ngokuthenga izabelo kwinkampani engekabinayo.I-Goldman Sachs iqikelela ukuba ngo-2023, malunga ne-80% yemveliso yensimbi yase-US iya kulawulwa ziinkampani ezintlanu, xa kuthelekiswa ngaphantsi kwe-50% kwi-2018.
Amaxabiso aphezulu entsimbi nawo abonisa iinzame zeUnited States zokunciphisa ukuthengwa kwentsimbi kwamanye amazwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Oku kukugqibela kuluhlu olude lwezenzo zorhwebo ezinxulumene nentsimbi.
Imbali yentsimbi igxile kumazwe amakhulu onyulo anje ngePennsylvania naseOhio, kwaye kudala ibeyingqwalasela yezopolitiko.Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1960s, njengoko iYurophu kunye neJapan kamva zaba ngabavelisi abakhulu bentsimbi ukusuka kwixesha lasemva kwemfazwe, ishishini lakhuthazwa phantsi kolawulo lwe-bipartisan kwaye kaninzi liphumelela ukhuseleko lokungenisa elizweni.
Kutshanje, iimpahla ezithengiswe ngexabiso eliphantsi zisuka e-China ziye zaba yeyona nto kujoliswe kuyo.UMongameli uGeorge W. Bush kunye noMongameli uBarack Obama bobabini babeka iirhafu kwintsimbi eyenziwe eChina.UMnu Trump uthe ukukhusela insimbi kusisiseko somgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo worhulumente wakhe, kwaye ngo-2018 wabeka iirhafu ezibanzi kwintsimbi ethunyelwa ngaphandle.Ngokutsho kweGoldman Sachs, ukungeniswa kwensimbi kuye kwawa malunga nekota xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba e-2017, ukuvula amathuba kubavelisi basekhaya, amaxabiso abo ahlala e-US $ 600 / ton ephezulu kunemarike yehlabathi.
Ezi ntlawulo zenziwe lula ngezivumelwano zexesha elinye kunye namahlakani arhwebayo afana neMexico neCanada kunye nokukhululwa kwiinkampani.Kodwa iintlawulo ziphunyeziwe kwaye ziya kuqhubeka zisebenza kwiimveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezivela kwi-EU kunye nabase China abakhuphisana nabo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kubekho inkqubela encinci kurhwebo lwentsimbi phantsi kolawulo lweBiden.Kodwa ngoMvulo, iUnited States kunye ne-European Union bathi baye baqala iingxoxo zokusombulula ingxabano yentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium yokungenisa, eyadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimfazwe yorhwebo yolawulo lweTrump.
Akukacaci ukuba iintetho ziya kuzisa naziphi na iimpumelelo ezinkulu.Nangona kunjalo, banokuzisa ezopolitiko ezinzima kwi-White House.NgoLwesithathu, umdibaniso wamaqela amashishini ensimbi kuquka neqela lezorhwebo lokuvelisa isinyithi kunye ne-United Steel Workers Union yabiza ulawulo lwe-Biden ukuba luqinisekise ukuba iirhafu zihlala zingatshintshi.Ubunkokheli bomfelandawonye buxhasa uMongameli uBiden kunyulo jikelele luka-2020.
"Ukususa amaxabiso entsimbi ngoku kuya kujongela phantsi ukusebenza kweshishini lethu," babhala kwileta eya kumongameli.
U-Adam Hodge, isithethi se-Ofisi ye-United States Trade Representative, eyabhengeza iingxoxo zorhwebo, wathi ugxininiso lwengxoxo "yizisombululo ezisebenzayo kwingxaki yentsimbi yehlabathi kunye ne-aluminium overcapacity e-China nakwamanye amazwe, ngelixa iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide. ”Amashishini ethu entsimbi kunye ne-aluminiyam.”
Kwiplanti yayo esePlymouth, eMichigan, iClips & Clamps Industries iqeshe abasebenzi abamalunga nama-50 abagximfiza baze bamise iintsimbi zibe ngamalungu emoto, njengeentsimbi ezigcina ihood ivuliwe xa kuhlolwa i-oyile ye-injini.
“Kwinyanga ephelileyo, ndingakuxelela ukuba silahlekelwe yimali,” utshilo uJeffrey Aznavorian, umongameli womenzi.Uthe ilahleko iyinxalenye yenkampani ekufuneka ihlawule amaxabiso aphezulu entsimbi.UMnu. Aznavorian uthe unexhala lokuba inkampani yakhe iza kulahlekelwa ngababoneleli beemoto zangaphandle eMexico naseCanada, abanokuthenga intsimbi engabizi kakhulu kwaye banike amaxabiso aphantsi.
Kubathengi bentsimbi, izinto azibonakali zilula kungekudala.Abahlalutyi baseWall Street basanda kuphakamisa uqikelelo lwabo lwamaxabiso entsimbi yase-US, bekhankanya ukuqiniswa koshishino kunye nokuzingisa kweerhafu zexesha likaTrump elikhokelwa nguBiden, ubuncinci ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.Aba bantu babini bancedise ekudaleni oko abahlalutyi beCitibank bakubiza ngokuba "yeyona mvelaphi ilungileyo yoshishino lwentsimbi kwiminyaka elishumi."
I-CEO yakwaNucor uLeon Topalian uthe uqoqosho lubonakalise amandla alo okufunxa amaxabiso aphezulu entsimbi, nto leyo ebonisa imfuneko ephezulu yokuchacha kolu bhubhani."Xa i-Nucor iqhuba kakuhle, isiseko sethu sabathengi siqhuba kakuhle," kusho uMnumzana Topalian."Oko kuthetha ukuba abathengi babo baqhuba kakuhle."
Isixeko saseMiddletown kumazantsi-ntshona eOhio siye sasinda kwelona xesha lokudodobala koqoqosho, kwaye imisebenzi engama-7,000 yokuvelisa intsimbi kwilizwe lonke yanyamalala.I-Middletown Works-isityalo esikhulu sensimbi saseCleveland-Cliffs kunye nomnye wabaqeshi ababalulekileyo kwingingqi-elawulwayo ukuphepha ukudilizwa.Kodwa ngokunyuka kwemfuno, imisebenzi yefektri kunye neeyure zokusebenza ziyanda.
“Siqhuba kakuhle ngokupheleleyo,” utshilo uNeil Douglas, usihlalo wombutho wasekhaya we-International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers ngo-1943, owayemele abasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-1,800 eMiddletown Works.UMnu. Douglas uthe kwakunzima kulo mzi-mveliso ukufumana abasebenzi abongezelelekileyo ukuze bafumane imisebenzi ngomvuzo wonyaka ofikelela kwi-85,000 yeedola.
Umbhobho womzi-mveliso unwenwela edolophini.UMnu. Douglas wathi xa engena kwiziko lokuphucula amakhaya, wayedibana nabantu kumzi-mveliso apho wayeqala khona iprojekthi entsha ekhaya.
“Ngokuqinisekileyo unokuziva edolophini ukuba abantu basebenzisa umvuzo wabo,” utshilo."Xa siqhuba kakuhle kwaye sisenza imali, ngokuqinisekileyo abantu baya kuchitha esixekweni."