Isikhonkwane sentsimbi

Inkcazelo emfutshane:

Izikhonkwane zanamhlanje zenziwe ngentsimbi, zihlala zicwiliswa okanye zigqunywe ukunqanda ukubola kwiimeko ezinzima okanye ukuphucula ukunamathela.Izikhonkwane eziqhelekileyo zomthi zidla ngokuba yintsimbi ethambileyo, ephantsi kwekhabhoni okanye "ethambileyo" (malunga ne-0.1% yekhabhoni, enye intsimbi kwaye mhlawumbi i-silicon okanye i-manganese).Izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi zinzima, kunye ne-0.5-0.75% carbon.

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INTSHAYELELO YOMVELISO

Izikhonkwane ngaphambili zazenziwe ngobhedu okanye ngentsimbi ekhandiweyo yaye zazisenziwa ngabakhandi bentsimbi nezikhonkwane.Aba bantu bezandla basebenzisa intonga yentsimbi etshisiweyo ababeyikha phambi kokuba babethelele amacala abumba inqaku.Emva kokufudumeza kwakhona nokusikwa, umkhandi wesinyithi okanye isikhonkwane wayefaka isikhonkwane esishushu kwimbobo aze asibethelele. Kamva kwadalwa iindlela ezintsha zokwenza izikhonkwane kusetyenziswa oomatshini bokucheba izikhonkwane ngaphambi kokuba bashukumise umvalo emacaleni ukuze kuvele umphini.Umzekelo, izikhonkwane ezisikiweyo zodidi lwe-A zachetywa kwintsimbi yohlobo lwe-guillotine kusetyenziswa oomatshini bokuqala.Le ndlela yatshintshwa kancinane de kwaba ngoo-1820 xa iintloko ezintsha eziphelweni zezikhonkwane zaye zatyunyuzwa ngomatshini owahlukileyo wentloko yezikhonkwane.Ngeminyaka yoo-1810, imivalo yentsimbi yayijikwa emva kwestroke nganye ngelixa iseti yokusika yayikwi-engile.Zonke izikhonkwane zachetywa zasuswa kwiteyiphu ukuze kubanjwe isikhonkwane ngasinye esizenze iintloko zazo.[15]Izikhonkwane zodidi lwe-B zenziwe ngolu hlobo.Ngowe-1886, i-10 ekhulwini lezikhonkwane ezazenziwe eUnited States yayizezodidi lwentsimbi ethambileyo eyahlukahlukeneyo yaye ngowe-1892, izikhonkwane zocingo lwentsimbi zafikelela kwizikhonkwane ezisikiweyo njengolona hlobo luphambili lwezikhonkwane ezaziveliswa.Ngowe-1913, iinzipho zocingo zazingama-90 ekhulwini azo zonke iinzipho ezaveliswayo.

IINTLOBO ZESIKHOPHO ZIbandakanya:

·Izikhonkwane ze-aluminiyam-Yenziwe nge-aluminiyam kwiimilo ezininzi kunye nobukhulu ukuze isetyenziswe ngesinyithi se-aluminiyam.
·Isikhonkwane sebhokisi - njengeisikhonkwane esiqhelekileyokodwa ngenqindi nentloko ebhityileyo
·IiBrad zincinci, zincinci, zicolile, izikhonkwane ezinomlomo okanye uqikelelo kwicala elinye kunentloko epheleleyo okanye isikhonkwane esincinci sokugqiba..
·Ibhodi yomgangatho ('i-stigs') - isicaba, i-tapered kunye ne-angular, ukuze isetyenziswe ukulungisa iibhodi zomgangatho
·I-Oval brad -Ii-ovals zisebenzisa imigaqo yobuchwephesha bokuphuka ukuvumela ukubethelwa ngaphandle kokwahlula.Iimathiriyeli eziphezulu ze-anisotropic ezifana nemithi eqhelekileyo (ngokuchaseneyo ne-composites yomthi) inokudityaniswa ngokulula.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oval perpendicular kwiinkozo zomthi kusika imicu yokhuni kunokuba idibanise, kwaye ke ivumela ukuqina ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, nokuba kufutshane nemiphetho.
·Izikhonkwane zephaneli
·IiTacks okanye iiTintacks zimfutshane, izikhonkwane ezitsolo ezitsolo zihlala zisetyenziswa ngekhaphethi, ilaphu kunye nephepha Ngokuqhelekileyo zisikwe kwintsimbi yentsimbi (ngokuchaseneyo nocingo);iteki isetyenziselwa upholstery, ukwenza izihlangu kunye nokuveliswa kwesali.Imilo engunxantathu yecandelo lomnqamlezo wesikhonkwane inika ukubamba okukhulu kunye nokukrazuka okuncinci kwezinto ezifana nelaphu kunye nesikhumba xa kuthelekiswa nesikhonkwane socingo.
·I-Brass tack - iziteki zobhedu zidla ngokusetyenziswa apho i-corrosion inokuba ngumba, njengefenitshala apho ukudibana neetyuwa zesikhumba somntu kuya kubangela ukubola kwizikhonkwane zentsimbi.
·Iphenyane lokuwisa isikhonkwane – Isikhonkwane esibambekayo (okanye ukuqhobosha).Inqaku lesikhonkwane lifakwe kwi-tapered ukuze likwazi ukuguqulwa ngokwalo ngokusebenzisa i-iron clinching.Emva koko iluma kwakhona emthini ukusuka kwicala elijongene nentloko yesikhonkwane, yenze i-rivet-like fastening.
I-Shoe tack - I-clinching nail (jonga ngasentla) ye-clinching yesikhumba kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imithi, eyayisetyenziselwa izihlangu ezenziwe ngesandla.
·Ikhaphethi yokubeka
·Iintambo ze-Upholstery - ezisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iingubo kwifenitshala
·I-Thumbtack (okanye "i-push-pin" okanye "i-drawing-pin") zizikhonkwane ezikhaphukhaphu ezisetyenziselwa ukukhusela iphepha okanye ikhadibhodi.gqiba isikhonkwane.Xa zisetyenziselwa ukufaka i-casing ejikeleze iifestile okanye iingcango, zivumela iinkuni ukuba zihluthwe kamva kunye nomonakalo omncinci xa kufuneka ukulungiswa, kwaye ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokugoba ubuso be-casing ukuze ubambe kwaye ukhuphe isikhonkwane.Emva kokuba i-casing isusiwe, izikhonkwane zinokukhutshwa kwisakhelo sangaphakathi kunye nayiphi na into eqhelekileyo yokutsala izikhonkwane.
·Isikhonkwane se-Clout - isikhonkwane sophahla
·Isikhonkwane sekhoyili - izikhonkwane ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwi-pneumatic nail gun ehlanganiswe kwiikhoyili
·Isikhonkwane esiqhelekileyo - i-shank egudileyo, isikhonkwane socingo kunye nentloko enzima, ethe tyaba.Isikhonkwane esiqhelekileyo sokwenza isakhelo
·Intloko econvex (intloko yengono, i-springhead) isikhonkwane esifulelweyo-intloko emile yeambrela enegasket yerabha yokuqhoboshela uphahla lwentsimbi, idla ngokuba neringi.
·Izikhonkwane zobhedu - izikhonkwane ezenziwe ngobhedu ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokudanyaza kobhedu okanye i-slate shingles njl.
·Intloko engu-D (intloko enqunqiweyo) isikhonkwane – isikhonkwane esiqhelekileyo okanye sebhokisi esinenxalenye yentloko esusiweyo kwimipu ye-pneumatic.
·Isikhonkwane esiphendulwe kabini - uhlobo olunqabileyo lwesikhonkwane esinamanqaku kuzo zombini iziphelo kunye "nentloko" phakathi ukuze udibanise iibhodi.Jonga le patent.Ifana nesikhonkwane sedowel kodwa sinentloko kwi-shank.
·Intloko ephindwe kabini (i-duplex, i-formwork, i-shutter, i-scaffold) isikhonkwane - isetyenziselwa ukubethelwa okwethutyana;izikhonkwane zinokutsalwa ngokulula ukuze kuqhawuke kamva
·Isikhonkwane seDowel - isikhonkwane esitsolo kabini ngaphandle "kwentloko" kwi-shank, iqhekeza lentsimbi engqukuva elilolwe kuzo zombini iziphelo.
·I-Drywall (i-plasterboard) isikhonkwane - esifutshane, esiqinileyo, isikhonkwane se-ring-shank esinentloko encinci kakhulu
·Isikhonkwane se-fiber sement - isikhonkwane sokufakela i-fiber sement siding
·Gqiba isikhonkwane (isikhonkwane sentloko yembumbulu, isikhonkwane esilahlekileyo) - Isikhonkwane socingo kunye nentloko encinci ejoliswe ukuba ibonakale kancinane okanye iqhutywe ngaphantsi komphezulu womthi kwaye umngxuma ozaliswe ukuba ungabonakali.
·Isikhonkwane seqela lemigulukudu - ipleyiti yesikhonkwane
·I-Hardboard pin - isikhonkwane esincinci sokulungisa i-hardboard okanye i-plywood encinci, kaninzi kunye ne-square shank
·Isikhonkwane seHorseshoe - izikhonkwane ezisetyenziselwa ukubamba amahashe kwiimpuphu
·I-joist hanger isikhonkwane - izikhonkwane ezikhethekileyo ezilinganiswe ukuba zisetyenziswe ngee-joist hangers kunye nezibiyeli ezifanayo.Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "izikhonkwane zeTeco" (1+¹⁄₂× .148 izikhonkwane zeshank ezisetyenziswa kwizihlanganisi zetsimbi ezifana nezibophelelo zenkanyamba)
·Isikhonkwane esilahlekileyo - jonga isikhonkwane sokugqiba
·I-Masonry (ikhonkrithi) - isikhonkwane esinobude, esiqinileyo sokusetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi
·Isikhonkwane socingo lwe-oval - izikhonkwane ezine-oval shank
·Iphini yephaneli
·I-Gutter spike-Izikhonkwane ezikhulu ezinde ezenzelwe ukubamba imisele yomthi kunye neegatha zentsimbi kwindawo esezantsi kungqameko lophahla.
·Iringi (i-annular, iphuculwe, i-jagged) isikhonkwane se-shank - izikhonkwane ezinemiqolo ejikeleza i-shank ukunika ukuxhathisa okongeziweyo ekutsaleni ngaphandle
·Uphahla (clout) isikhonkwane - ngokubanzi isikhonkwane esifutshane esinentloko ebanzi esetyenziswa kunye ne-asphalt shingles, iphepha elivakalayo okanye okufanayo
·Screw (helical) isikhonkwane – isikhonkwane esinephini elijiyileyo – ukusetyenziswa kubandakanya umgangatho kunye nokudibanisa iipalethi
·Shake (ishingle) isikhonkwane - izikhonkwane ezineentloko ezincinci ezisetyenziselwa ukubethelela i-shakes kunye neeshingles
·I-Sprig - isikhonkwane esincinci esine-headless, i-tapered shank okanye i-square shank enentloko kwelinye icala.Eqhelekileyo isetyenziswe ngama-glaziers ukulungisa indiza yeglasi kwisakhelo sokhuni.
·Isikhonkwane sesikwere - isikhonkwane esinqunyiwe
·Isikhonkwane se-T-head – esimile njengonobumba u-T
·Iphini yeVeneer
·Ucingo (isiFrentshi) isikhonkwane - igama eliqhelekileyo lesikhonkwane esine-shank ejikelezayo.Ezi ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yizikhonkwane zaseFransi ezivela kwilizwe labo lokuyila
·Isikhonkwane esidityaniswe ngocingo-weld-izikhonkwane ezibanjwe kunye neengcingo ezibhityileyo ukuze zisetyenziswe kwimipu yeenzipho

TERMINOLOJI:

·Ibhokisi: isikhonkwane socingo esinentloko;ibhokisiiinzipho zineshanki encinci kuneeqhelekileyoizikhonkwane zobukhulu obufanayo
·Eqaqambileyo: akukho ukutyabeka komhlaba;ayikhuthazwa ukuba sesichengeni semozulu okanye amaplanga aneasidi okanye anyangwe
·Casing: isikhonkwane socingo esinentloko encinci kunegqibaiinzipho;isetyenziswa rhoqo ukwenza umgangatho
·CCokanyeCoated: "isamente igqunywe";isikhonkwane esiqatywe ngencamathelisa, ekwaziwa ngokuba yisamente okanye iglu, ukwenzela ukubamba amandla amakhulu;kwakhona resin- okanye vinyl-coated;I-coating iyanyibilika kwi-friction xa iqhutywa ukunceda ukuthambisa kwaye ibambelele xa ipholile;umbala uyahluka ngokomenzi (tan, pink, zixhaphakile)
·Eqhelekileyo: isikhonkwane socingo lolwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo olunentloko emilise idisk enesiqhelo esi-3 ukuya ku-4 ubukhulu be-shank:eqhelekileyoiinzipho zinamanqina amakhulu kuneibhokisiizikhonkwane zobukhulu obufanayo
·Sika: izikhonkwane zesikwere ezenziwe ngomatshini.Ngoku isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwamatye kunye nokuveliswa kwembali okanye ukubuyisela
·I-Duplex: isikhonkwane esiqhelekileyo esinentloko yesibini, evumela ukutsalwa lula;ehlala isetyenziselwa umsebenzi wexeshana, njengeefom zekhonkrithi okanye i-scaffolding yamaplanga;ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "isikhonkwane se-scaffold"
·I-Drywall: isikhonkwane esikhethekileyo sentsimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esinentloko ecekethekileyo ebanzi esetyenziselwa ukuqhoboshela ibhodi yegypsum kumalungu efreyim yeplanga
·Gqiba: isikhonkwane socingo esinentloko nje enkulu kancinane kune-shank;inokufihlwa ngokulula ngokubala isikhonkwane kancinane ngaphantsi komgangatho ogqityiweyo ngoseti-zikhonkwane kunye nokuzalisa isithuba esiphumayo ngesizalisi (i-putty, i-spackle, i-caulk, njl.
·Yenziwe: izikhonkwane ezenziwe ngezandla (ngokuqhelekileyo isikwere), zishushu-zenziwe ngumkhandi wentsimbi okanye umkhonkwane, zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwembali okanye ukubuyisela, ezithengiswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengabaqokeleli.
·Iigalvanized: unyangelwe ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye/okanye ukuba sesichengeni semozulu
·Umbane: ibonelela ngesiphelo esigudileyo ngokuxhathisa umhlwa
·I-Hot-dip yenziwe ngegalvanized: ibonelela ngesiphelo esirhabaxa esibeka i-zinc ngaphezulu kunezinye iindlela, okukhokelela kuxhathiso oluphezulu kakhulu lwe-corrosion olulungele amaplanga athile aneasidi kunye nanyangwayo;
·Ifakwe igalvanized ngoomatshini: idiphozithi ngaphezulu kwe-zinc kune-electrogalvanizing yokwanda kokunganyangeki kwe-corrosion
·Intloko: isiqwenga sesinyithi esisicaba esakhiwe phezulu kwisikhonkwane;ukwandisa amandla okubamba
·Helix: isikhonkwane sine-square shank ephothiweyo, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukukhupha;zisetyenziswa rhoqo ekuhonjisweni ngoko ke zidla ngokuba neegalvanized;ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa izikhonkwane decking
·Ubude: umgama ukusuka ezantsi kwentloko ukuya kwindawo yesikhonkwane
·I-phosphate-coated: isiphelo esimnyama esingwevu ukuya kumnyama sibonelela ngomphezulu obophelela kakuhle ngepeyinti kunye nekhompawundi edibeneyo kunye nokumelana nomhlwa okuncinci
·Inqaku: Isiphelo esibukhali esijongene "nentloko" ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuqhuba
·Pole barn: ishanki elide (2+¹⁄₂kwi-8 kwi-8, i-6 cm ukuya kwi-20 cm), i-shank ye-ring (jonga ngezantsi), iinzipho eziqinileyo;ngokuqhelekileyo ioli icinyiwe okanye i-galvanized (jonga ngasentla);eqhele ukusetyenziswa kulwakhiwo lweplanga olunefreyimu, izakhiwo zentsimbi (iiplanga zeepali)
·I-ring shank: amakhonkco amancinci aqondisayo kwi-shank ukukhusela isikhonkwane ekusebenzeni emva kokuba siqhutywe ngaphakathi;ixhaphakile kwi-drywall, flooring, kunye nezikhonkwane ze-pali barn
·I-Shank: umzimba ubude besikhonkwane phakathi kwentloko kunye nenqaku;inokuba mtyibilizi, okanye inokuba neringi okanye i-spirals ukwenzela ukubamba amandla amakhulu
·Isinki: ezi zezona zikhonkwane ziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ekufakeni iifreyimu namhlanje;ubukhulu obufanayo obufana nesikhonkwane sebhokisi;isamente igqunywe (jonga ngasentla);Umphantsi wentloko ujijekile njengengqayi okanye ifanitshala kwaye umphezulu wentloko unegridi egxininisiweyo ukugcina ukubetha kwehamile kungatyibiliki.
·Spike: isikhonkwane esikhulu;ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kwe-4 kwi (100 mm) ubude
·I-Spiral: isikhonkwane socingo olujijekileyo;spiraliinzipho zinamanqina amancinci kuneeqhelekileyoizikhonkwane zobukhulu obufanayo