Intengo Yensimbi

Ukuhlehla komnotho kanye nezintela zesikhathi sikaTrump zisize ukuphusha izintengo zensimbi zasekhaya ukuthi ziqophe ukuphakama.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, indaba yensimbi yaseMelika ibe ngomunye wemiphumela ebuhlungu yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ukuvalwa kwamafekthri, nokuncintisana kwamanye amazwe.Kodwa manje, imboni ibhekene nokubuya kwabantu abambalwa ababekubikezele ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule.
Izintengo zensimbi zifinyelele phezulu futhi isidingo sakhuphuka ngoba izinkampani zenyuse ukukhiqizwa phakathi nokuxegiswa kwemikhawulo yobhubhane.Abakhiqizi bensimbi badidiyele onyakeni odlule, okubavumela ukuthi balawule kakhulu ukunikezwa.Izintela zokuphatha zikaTrump ezinsimbini zakwamanye amazwe zigcina impahla eshibhile evela kwamanye amazwe ingangeni.Inkampani yensimbi yaqala ukuqasha futhi.
I-Wall Street ingathola ngisho nobufakazi bokuchuma: I-Nucor, umkhiqizi wensimbi omkhulu kunabo bonke e-United States, iyisitoko esisebenza kahle kakhulu ku-S&P 500 kulo nyaka, futhi izitoko zabakhiqizi bensimbi zenze ezinye zezinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu kunkomba.
U-Lourenco Goncalves, Isikhulu Esiphezulu seCleveland-Cliffs, umkhiqizi wensimbi ozinze e-Ohio, uthe: "Sisebenza ngo-24/7 yonke indawo, Le nkampani ibike ukwanda okukhulu kokuthengiswa kwayo kwikota yakamuva.""Amashifu angasetshenzisiwe, sisebenzisa," kusho uMnu. Gonçalves engxoxweni.“Yingakho siqashile.”
Akucaci ukuthi i-boom izothatha isikhathi esingakanani.Kuleli sonto, abaphathi beBiden baqale ukuxoxa ngemakethe yensimbi yomhlaba wonke nezikhulu zezohwebo ze-EU.Abanye abasebenzi bensimbi kanye nabaphathi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungase kuholele ekwehleni kokugcina kwezintela esikhathini sikaTrump, futhi kukholelwa kabanzi ukuthi lezi zindleko ziye zavuselela izinguquko ezinkulu embonini yensimbi.Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa ukuthi imboni yensimbi igxile ezifundazweni ezibalulekile zokhetho, noma yiziphi izinguquko zingase zingajabulisi kwezombusazwe.
Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, inani lekusasa lasekhaya lamathani angu-20 wamakhoyili ensimbi-isilinganiso samanani amaningi ensimbi ezweni-yedlula u-$1,600 ngethani ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, futhi amanani aqhubeka ehlala lapho.
Izintengo zensimbi ezirekhodiwe ngeke zihlehlise amashumi eminyaka okungasebenzi.Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, ukuqashwa embonini yensimbi kwehle ngaphezu kwama-75%.Njengoba ukuncintisana kwamanye amazwe kwakhula futhi imboni ishintshela ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ezazidinga abasebenzi abambalwa, imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-400,000 yanyamalala.Kepha ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo kulethe ithemba emadolobheni ensimbi ezweni lonke, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ngesikhathi sodlame kuqhubekisele phambili ukuqashwa kwensimbi yase-US ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu emlandweni.
“Ngonyaka odlule sadiliza izisebenzi,” kusho uPete Trinidad, usihlalo wenyunyana yendawo i-6787 ye-United Steel Workers, emele cishe izisebenzi ezingu-3,300 eCleveland-Cliffs Steel Plant eBurnsport, e-Indiana.“Wonke umuntu uthole umsebenzi.Siyaqasha manje.Ngakho-ke, yebo, leli yithuba elingama-degree angu-180.”
Ingxenye yesizathu sokwenyuka kwamanani ensimbi ukuncintisana ezweni lonke kwezimpahla ezifana nezinkuni, i-gypsum board ne-aluminium, njengoba izinkampani zandisa ukusebenza ukuze zibhekane ne-inventory enganele, amaketanga okuhlinzeka angenamuntu kanye nokulinda isikhathi eside izinto zokusetshenziswa.
Kodwa ukukhuphuka kwamanani nakho kubonisa izinguquko embonini yensimbi.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuqothuka nokuhlanganiswa kanye nokuthengwa kwemboni kuye kwahlela kabusha izisekelo zokukhiqiza zezwe, futhi izinqubomgomo zezohwebo zaseWashington, ikakhulukazi intela ebekwe uMongameli uDonald J. Trump, isishintshile.Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yensimbi.Ibhalansi yamandla phakathi kwabathengi bensimbi base-US nabathengisi.
Ngonyaka odlule, ngemva kokuthola umkhiqizi owayesenkingeni u-AK Steel, i-Cleveland-Cliffs yathola iningi lezitshalo zensimbi ze-ArcelorMittal yensimbi yomhlaba wonke e-United States ukuze idale inkampani yensimbi ehlanganisiwe ene-iron ore neziqhumane zomlilo.NgoZibandlela (December) wonyaka odlule, i-US Steel yamemezela ukuthi izolawula ngokugcwele iBig River Steel, enekomkhulu e-Arkansas, ngokuthenga amasheya enkampanini engasenayo kakade.UGoldman Sachs ubikezela ukuthi ngo-2023, cishe amaphesenti angu-80 okukhiqizwa kwensimbi yase-US azolawulwa yizinkampani ezinhlanu, uma kuqhathaniswa nezingaphansi kuka-50% ngo-2018. Ukuhlanganiswa kunikeza izinkampani embonini amandla anamandla okugcina amanani enyuka ngokugcina ukulawula okuqinile ekukhiqizeni.
Amanani aphezulu ensimbi nawo akhombisa imizamo ye-United States yokunciphisa ukuthengwa kwensimbi kwamanye amazwe eminyakeni yamuva nje.Lokhu okwakamuva ochungechungeni olude lwezenzo zokuhweba ezihlobene nensimbi.
Umlando wensimbi ugxile ezifundazweni ezinkulu zokhetho ezifana nePennsylvania ne-Ohio, futhi sekuyisikhathi eside kugxilwa kuzo osopolitiki.Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960, njengoba iYurophu kanye neJapan kamuva yaba abakhiqizi bensimbi abakhulu kusukela esikhathini sangemva kwempi, imboni yathuthukiswa ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwezinhlangothi ezimbili futhi ngokuvamile yazuza ukuvikelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Muva nje, izimpahla ezishibhile ezingeniswe zivela e-China seziphenduke inhloso enkulu.UMongameli uGeorge W. Bush kanye noMongameli uBarack Obama bobabili babeka intela ezinsimbi ezenziwe eChina.UMnu. Trump uthe ukuvikela insimbi kuyisisekelo senqubomgomo yohwebo kahulumeni wakhe, futhi ngo-2018 wabeka intela ebanzi ezinsimbini ezivela kwamanye amazwe.Ngokusho kukaGoldman Sachs, ukungeniswa kwensimbi kwehle cishe ngekota uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga ka-2017, okuvula amathuba kubakhiqizi basekhaya, amanani abo ngokuvamile angu-US $ 600 / ton ephakeme kunemakethe yomhlaba wonke.
Lezi zindleko zehlisiwe ngezivumelwano zesikhathi esisodwa nabalingani bokuhweba abafana ne-Mexico ne-Canada kanye nokukhululwa ezinkampanini.Kodwa amanani entengo aseqalisiwe futhi azoqhubeka esebenza emikhiqizweni engenisiwe evela e-EU kanye nezimbangi ezinkulu zaseChina.
Kuze kube muva nje, kube nenqubekela phambili encane ekuhwebeni kwensimbi ngaphansi kokuphathwa kweBiden.Kodwa ngoMsombuluko, iMelika kanye ne-European Union bathi sebeqalile ukuxoxisana ukuze kuxazululwe ukungqubuzana kokuthengwa kwensimbi ne-aluminium, okubambe iqhaza elibalulekile empini yezohwebo yabaphathi bakaTrump.
Akukacaci noma lezi zingxoxo zizoletha impumelelo enkulu yini.Kodwa-ke, bangaletha ipolitiki enzima e-White House.NgoLwesithathu, umfelandawonye wamaqembu emboni yensimbi okuhlanganisa neqembu elikhiqiza insimbi kanye ne-United Steel Workers Union ucele abaphathi beBiden ukuthi baqinisekise ukuthi amanani entengo ahlala engashintshiwe.Ubuholi bomfelandawonye bumeseka uMongameli Biden okhethweni lukazwelonke lwango-2020.
"Ukususa amanani entengo yensimbi manje kuzobukela phansi ukusebenza kwemboni yethu," babhala encwadini eya kumongameli.
U-Adam Hodge, umkhulumeli weHhovisi le-United States Trade Representative, elimemezele izingxoxo zezohwebo, uthe ukugxila engxoxweni "kuyizixazululo eziphumelelayo zenkinga yensimbi yomhlaba wonke ne-aluminium overcapacity e-China nakwamanye amazwe, ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza isikhathi eside.”Izimboni zethu zensimbi ne-aluminium.”
Embonini yayo ese-Plymouth, Michigan, Clips & Clamps Industries iqashe abasebenzi abangaba ngu-50 abagxiviza futhi balolonge izinsimbi zibe izingxenye zemoto, njengensimbi egcina ihood ivulekile lapho behlola uwoyela wenjini.
“Ngenyanga edlule, ngingakutshela ukuthi silahlekelwe yimali,” kusho uJeffrey Aznavorian, umongameli womkhiqizi.Uveze ukuthi lokhu kulahlekelwa ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuthi le nkampani kumele ikhokhe amanani aphakeme ensimbi.UMnu Aznavorian uthe ukhathazekile ngokuthi inkampani yakhe izolahlekelwa ngabahlinzeki bezingxenye zezimoto bakwamanye amazwe eMexico naseCanada, abangathenga insimbi eshibhile futhi banikeze amanani aphansi.
Kubathengi bensimbi, izinto azibonakali zilula maduze.Abahlaziyi beWall Street basanda kuphakamisa izibikezelo zabo zamanani ensimbi ase-US, becaphuna ukuhlanganiswa kwezimboni kanye nokuphikelela kwentela eholwa yiBiden eholwa nguTrump-era, okungenani kuze kube manje.Laba bantu ababili basize ekwakheni lokho abahlaziyi beCitibank abakubiza ngokuthi “isizinda esingcono kakhulu semboni yensimbi eminyakeni eyishumi.”
Isikhulu esiphezulu kwaNucor uLeon Topalian uthe umnotho ukhombisile amandla awo okuthola amanani entengo ensimbi, okukhombisa isidingo esikhulu sokululama kulolu bhubhane.“Uma iNucor yenza kahle, isizinda samakhasimende ethu senza kahle,” kusho uMnu. Topalian."Kusho ukuthi amakhasimende abo enza kahle."
Idolobha laseMiddletown eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ohio lasinda ekuwohlokeni komnotho okubi kakhulu, futhi imisebenzi yokukhiqiza insimbi engu-7,000 ezweni lonke yanyamalala.IMiddletown Works-imboni enkulu yensimbi yaseCleveland-Cliffs futhi engomunye wabaqashi ababaluleke kakhulu esifundeni-ekwazile ukugwema ukudilizwa.Kepha ngokukhuphuka kwesidingo, imisebenzi yasefekthri namahora okusebenza ayakhula.
"Sisebenza kahle impela," kusho uNeil Douglas, usihlalo wenhlangano yendawo ye-International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers ngo-1943, owayemele abasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-1,800 eMiddletown Works.UMnu. Douglas uthi kunzima ukuthi ifekithali ithole ezinye izisebenzi ezizadinga imisebenzi ngeholo elifika ezinkulungwaneni ezingamatshumi ayisitshiyagalolunye lanhlanu zamadollar-$85,000.
Ukuduma kwefekthri kusabalele edolobheni.UMnu. Douglas uthe nxa engena endaweni yokuthuthukisa izindlu uzahlangana labantu efekithali lapho ayeqala khona umsebenzi omutsha ekhaya.
“Nakanjani ungezwa edolobheni ukuthi abantu basebenzisa imali yabo engenayo,” kusho yena."Uma sigijima kahle futhi senza imali, abantu bazochitha edolobheni."