Isipikili Sensimbi

Incazelo emfushane:

Izinzipho zanamuhla ngokuvamile zenziwe ngensimbi, ngokuvamile zicwiliswa noma zimbozwe ukuvimbela ukugqwala ezimeni ezinzima noma ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela.Izinzipho ezivamile zokhuni ngokuvamile ziyinsimbi ethambile, enekhabhoni ephansi noma “emnene” (cishe u-0.1% wekhabhoni, enye ingxenye yensimbi mhlawumbe nomkhondo we-silicon noma i-manganese).Izinzipho zikakhonkolo ziqinile, zinekhabhoni engu-0.5–0.75%.

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Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

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ISINGENISO SOMKHIQIZO

Izipikili ngaphambili zazenziwe ngethusi noma ngensimbi ekhandiweyo futhi zenziwa abakhandi bensimbi nezinzipho.Laba bantu bezandla basebenzisa induku yensimbi yesikwele eshisiwe ababeyikha ngaphambi kokuba bashaye izinhlangothi ezakha iphuzu.Ngemva kokushisisa kabusha nokusikwa, umkhandi wensimbi noma umkhandi wayefaka isipikili esishisayo embotsheni futhi asishaye ngesando. Kamuva kwadalwa izindlela ezintsha zokwenza izipikili kusetshenziswa imishini yokucwebeza izipikili ngaphambi kokunyakazisa umgoqo emaceleni ukuze kukhiqizwe umphini.Isibonelo, izinzipho ezisikiwe zoHlobo A zagundwa ku-guillotine yohlobo lwebha yensimbi kusetshenziswa imishini yakuqala.Le ndlela yashintshwa kancane kwaze kwaba yiminyaka yawo-1820 lapho amakhanda amasha emaphethelweni ezinzipho egxotshwa ngomshini ohlukile wokukhanda wezinzipho.Ngawo-1810s, izinsimbi zensimbi zaziphendulwa ngemva kokushaywa ngakunye ngenkathi isethi yokusika yayikwi-engeli.Zonke izinzipho zabe sezigundwa ku-taper okuvumela ukuba uzipho oluzenzakalelayo lubambe amakhanda azo.[15]Izinzipho zohlobo B zenziwa ngale ndlela.Ngo-1886, amaphesenti ayishumi ezinzipho ezazenziwa e-United States ayengezocingo lwensimbi oluthambile futhi ngo-1892, izipikili zocingo lwensimbi zadlula izipikili ezisikwe insimbi njengohlobo oluyinhloko lwezipikili ezazikhiqizwa.Ngo-1913, izipikili zocingo zazingamaphesenti angu-90 azo zonke izinzipho ezakhiqizwa.

Izinzipho zanamuhla ngokuvamile zenziwe ngensimbi, ngokuvamile zicwiliswa noma zimbozwe ukuvimbela ukugqwala ezimeni ezinzima noma ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela.Izinzipho ezivamile zokhuni ngokuvamile ziyinsimbi ethambile, enekhabhoni ephansi noma "emnene" (cishe u-0.1% wekhabhoni, enye ingxenye yensimbi mhlawumbe nomkhondo we-silicon noma i-manganese).Izinzipho zikakhonkolo ziqinile, zinekhabhoni engu-0.5–0.75%.

IZINHLOBO ZEZINKELE ZIHLANGANISA:

·Izipikili ze-Aluminium - Zenziwe nge-aluminium ngezindlela eziningi nosayizi ukuze zisetshenziswe ngezinsimbi zokwakha ze-aluminium
·Isipikili sebhokisi - njenge-aisipikili esivamilekodwa nge-shank nekhanda elincanyana
·AmaBrad mancane, mncane, acijile, izinzipho ezinodebe noma ezibheke ohlangothini olulodwa kunekhanda eligcwele noma isipikili esincane..
·I-floor brad ('stigs') - isicaba, i-tapered kanye ne-angular, ukuze isetshenziswe ukulungisa amabhodi aphansi
·I-Oval brad - Ama-ovals asebenzisa izimiso zokuhlehla kwemishini ukuvumela ukubethelwa ngaphandle kokuhlukana.Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-anisotropic njengokhuni olujwayelekile (ngokungafani nezinhlanganisela zokhuni) zingahlukaniswa kalula.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-oval perpendicular ohlamvini lokhuni kusika izintambo zokhuni kunokuba zihlukanise, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvumela ukuqiniswa ngaphandle kokuhlukana, ngisho naseduze nemiphetho.
·Izikhonkwane zephaneli
·Ama-Tacks noma ama-Tintacks yizinzipho ezimfushane, ezicijile ezicijile ezivame ukusetshenziswa nokhaphethi, indwangu kanye nephepha Ngokujwayelekile zisikwa eshidini lensimbi (ngokungafani nocingo);i-tack isetshenziselwa upholstery, ukwenza izicathulo kanye nokwakhiwa kwesihlalo.Umumo ongunxantathu wengxenye yesiphambano sezipikili unikeza ukubamba okukhulu nokudabuka okuncane kwezinto ezifana nendwangu nesikhumba uma kuqhathaniswa nocingo.
·I-Brass tack - amatheki ethusi avame ukusetshenziswa lapho ukugqwala kungase kube inkinga, njengefenisha lapho ukuthintana nosawoti wesikhumba somuntu kuzodala ukugqwala ezinzipho zensimbi.
·I-Canoe tack - Isipikili esibambayo (noma sokuhlanganisa).Iphoyinti le-nail lincishisiwe ukuze likwazi ukuguqulwa ngokwalo ngokusebenzisa insimbi yokugoba.Bese iluma ibuyele okhunini ukusuka ohlangothini olubhekene nekhanda lezipikili, yenze into efana ne-rivet.
I-Shoe tack - Isipikili esigoqayo (bheka ngenhla) sesikhumba sokugoba futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukhuni, olwalusetshenziselwa izicathulo ezenziwe ngezandla.
·I-tack ye-carpet
·Ama-Upholstery tacks - asetshenziselwa ukunamathisela izembozo kwifenisha
·I-Thumbtack (noma i-"push-pin" noma "drawing-pin") izikhonkwane ezilula ezisetshenziselwa ukuvikela iphepha noma amakhadibhodi.Izinzipho ezigoqiwe - zinekhanda eliqoshwe kahle, uma liqhathaniswa nekhanda "elinyathelwe"qeda isipikili.Lapho zisetshenziselwa ukufaka i-casing emafasiteleni noma eminyango, zivumela ukhuni ukuba lususwe kamuva ngomonakalo omncane lapho kudingekile ukulungiswa, futhi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuboleka ubuso bebhokisi ukuze kubanjwe futhi kukhishwe isipikili.Uma i-casing isusiwe, izipikili zingakhishwa kuhlaka lwangaphakathi nanoma yiziphi izidonsa ezijwayelekile zezinzipho.
·I-Clout nail - isipikili esifulelayo
·I-coil nail - izipikili eziklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kusibhamu se-nail somoya esihlanganiswe ngamakhoyili
·Isipikili esivamile - i-shank ebushelelezi, isipikili socingo esinekhanda elinzima, eliyisicaba.Isipikili esijwayelekile sokwenza uzimele
·Ikhanda le-convex (ikhanda lengono, i-springhead) isipikili esifulelwe - ikhanda elimise okwesambulela eline-gasket yerabha yokufaka uphahla lwensimbi, ngokuvamile oluba ne-ring shank
·Izipikili zethusi - izipikili ezenziwe ngethusi ukuze zisetshenziswe ngethusi elikhanyayo noma ama-slate shingles njll.
·I-D-head (ikhanda elisindiwe) – isipikili esivamile noma sebhokisi esikhishwe ingxenye yekhanda ukuze kukhishwe izibhamu ezingomoya
·Isipikili esipheliswe kabili - uhlobo olungavamile lwesipikili olunamaphoyinti kuzo zombili iziphetho kanye "nekhanda" eliphakathi lokuhlanganisa amabhodi ndawonye.Bona leli patent.Okufana ne-dowel nail kodwa enekhanda ku-shank.
·Izipikili ezinekhanda eliphindwe kabili (i-duplex, formwork, shutter, scaffold) - ezisetshenziselwa ukubethelwa kwesikhashana;izinzipho zingadonswa kalula ukuze zihlakazwe kamuva
·Isipikili sedowel - isipikili esicijile kabili esingenawo "ikhanda" ku-shank, ucezu lwensimbi eyindilinga olulolwe emikhawulweni yomibili
·I-drywall (i-plasterboard) isipikili - isipikili esifushane, esiqinile, esiyindandatho esinekhanda elincanyana kakhulu
·I-Fiber Cement nail - isipikili sokufaka i-fiber siding siding
·Qedela isipikili (isipikili sekhanda lenhlamvu, isipikili sekhanda elilahlekile) - Isipikili socingo esinekhanda elincane okuhloswe ukuthi sibonakale kancane noma sishayelelwe ngaphansi kwendawo yokhuni futhi imbobo igcwaliswe ukuze ingabonakali
·I-Gang nail - ipuleti le-nail
·Iphinikhodi ye-Hardboard - isipikili esincane sokulungisa i-hardboard noma i-plywood encane, ngokuvamile ene-shank yesikwele
·I-Horseshoe nail - izipikili ezisetshenziselwa ukubamba izicathulo zamahhashi ezinselweni
·I-Joist hanger nail - izipikili ezikhethekile ezilinganiselwe ukusetshenziswa ngama-joist hangers kanye nabakaki abafanayo.Ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa "izinzipho zeTeco" (1+¹⁄₂× .148 izinzipho zeshank ezisetshenziswa kuzixhumi zensimbi ezifana nezibopho zesiphepho)
·Isipikili sekhanda elilahlekile - bheka isipikili sokuqeda
·I-Masonry (ukhonkolo) - isipikili esinwetshiwe ubude, esiqinile ukuze sisetshenziswe kukhonkolo
·I-oval wire nail - izipikili ezine-shank oval
·Iphinikhodi yephaneli
·I-Gutter spike - Uzipho olukhulu olude oluhloselwe ukubamba imisele yokhuni kanye namagatha ensimbi endaweni yawo emaphethelweni angaphansi ophahleni.
·Indandatho (i-annular, ithuthukisiwe, i-jagged) isipikili se-shank - izipikili ezinezingqimba ezizungeza i-shank ukunikeza ukumelana okwengeziwe ekukhishweni
·Isipikili sokufulela (i-clout) - ngokuvamile isipikili esifushane esinekhanda elibanzi elisetshenziswa ne-asphalt shingles, iphepha elizwakalayo noma okufanayo
·Isikhonkwane (i-helical) isikhonkwane - isikhonkwane esino-spiral shank - ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisa ukubeka phansi kanye nokuhlanganisa amapulangwe
·Shake (shingle) nail - izinzipho ezincane ezinamakhanda ezisetshenziselwa ukubethela ama-shingles nama-shingles
·I-Sprig - isipikili esincane esine-shank engenakhanda, e-tapered noma i-square shank enekhanda ohlangothini olulodwa.Okuvamile ukusetshenziswa ama-glazier ukulungisa indiza yengilazi ibe luhlaka lwamapulangwe.
·Isipikili esiyisikwele - isipikili esinqunyiwe
·Isipikili sekhanda elingu-T - esimise njengohlamvu T
·Iphinikhodi ye-Veneer
·Isipikili socingo (isiFulentshi) - igama elijwayelekile le-nail ene-shank eyindilinga.Lezi ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izipikili zaseFrance ezivela ezweni labo lokusungulwa
·Uzipho oluhlanganiswe nge-wire-weld - izinzipho eziboshwe ndawonye nezintambo ezizacile ukuze zisetshenziswe ezibhamini zezinzipho

TERMINOLOGY:

·Ibhokisi: isipikili socingo esinekhanda;ibhokisiizinzipho zine-shank encane kuneevamileizinzipho ezinobukhulu obufanayo
·Okukhanyayo: akukho ukugqoka okuphezulu;akunconyelwe ukuchayeka kwesimo sezulu noma izingodo ezine-asidi noma ezilashwayo
·Isikhwama: isipikili socingo esinekhanda elikhudlwana kuneqedaizinzipho;evame ukusetshenziselwa ukubeka phansi
·CCnomaKuboshwe: "kufakwe usimende";izinzipho ezinamekwe nge-adhesive, eyaziwa nangokuthi usimende noma iglue, ukuze uthole amandla amakhulu okubamba;futhi i-resin- noma i-vinyl-coated;i-coating iyancibilika ekungqubuzaneni lapho iqhutshwa ukusiza ukugcoba bese inamathela lapho ipholile;umbala uyahlukahluka kumkhiqizi (i-tan, pink, ijwayelekile)
·Okuvamile: isikhonkwane socingo lokwakha esivamile esinekhanda elimise okwediski elivame ukuphinda izikhathi ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4 kububanzi be-shank:evamileizinzipho zinamashanki amakhulu kunawoibhokisiizinzipho ezinobukhulu obufanayo
·Sika: izipikili eziyisikwele ezenziwe ngomshini.Manje isetshenziselwa ukwakha nokukhiqiza kabusha okungokomlando noma ukubuyisela
·I-Duplex: isipikili esivamile esinekhanda lesibili, esivumela ukukhishwa okulula;evame ukusetshenziselwa umsebenzi wesikhashana, njengamafomu okhonkolo noma i-scaffolding yezinkuni;ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa "i-scaffold nail"
·I-Drywall: isipikili esikhethekile sensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esinekhanda elincane elibanzi elisetshenziselwa ukubophela ibhodi le-gypsum kumalungu enza izinhlaka zokhuni
·Qeda: isipikili socingo esinekhanda elikhudlwana nje kancane kunoshaki;ingafihlwa kalula ngokubala isipikili kancane ngaphansi kwendawo eqediwe ngesethi yezipikili bese ugcwalisa igebe eliwumphumela ngesigcwalisi (i-putty, i-spackle, i-caulk, njll.)
·Kwakhiwe: izinzipho ezenziwe ngezandla (ngokuvamile eziyisikwele), ezishiswe ngomkhandi wensimbi noma umkhandi wezipikili, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kabusha okungokomlando noma ukubuyisela, ezivame ukuthengiswa njengabaqoqi bezinto
·Kufakwe amagalani: yelashelwa ukumelana nokugqwala kanye/noma ukuchayeka kwesimo sezulu
·I-electrogalvanized: inikeza isiphetho esibushelelezi ngokumelana nokugqwala okuthile
·Idiphu elishisayo lifakwe amathini: inikeza isiphetho esiqinile esifaka i-zinc eningi kunezinye izindlela, okuholela ekumelaneni nokugqwala okuphezulu kakhulu okufanele izingodo ezine-asidi nezilashiwe;
·Ifakwe ngomshini: ifaka i-zinc eningi kune-electrogalvanizing ukuze kukhule ukumelana nokugqwala
·Ikhanda: ucezu lwensimbi oluyisicaba oluyindilinga olwakhiwe phezulu kwesipikili;ukwandisa amandla okubamba
·Helix: isikhonkwane sine-shank yesikwele esisontekile, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukusikhipha;evame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ngakho ngokuvamile kuvame ukukhanyiswa;ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yi-decking nails
·Ubude: ibanga ukusuka phansi kwekhanda ukuya endaweni yozipho
·I-Phosphate-coated: okumnyama okumpunga kuya kokumnyama okuqeda ukuhlinzeka ngendawo ehlangana kahle nopende nenhlanganisela yamalunga kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuncane
·Khomba: isiphetho esibukhali esibhekene "nekhanda" ukuze kube lula ukushayela
·Isibaya sesigxobo: induku ende (2+¹⁄₂ku-8 in, 6 cm kuya ku-20 cm), indandatho (bheka ngezansi), izinzipho eziqinile;ngokuvamile uwoyela ucinywa noma ufakwe uthayela (bheka ngenhla);evame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kokhuni olunezinhlaka, izakhiwo zensimbi (izibaya zezigxobo)
·I-ring shank: izindandatho ezincane eziqondisayo ku-shank ukuvimbela isipikili ukuthi sibuyele emuva uma sishayelelwe ngaphakathi;okujwayelekile kuma-drywall, flooring, nezinzipho zesigxobo
·Shank: umzimba ubude besipikili phakathi kwekhanda nephoyinti;ingase ibe bushelelezi, noma ibe nezindandatho noma ama-spiral ukuze ibe namandla amakhulu okubamba
·I-Sinker: lezi yizinzipho ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekufoleni namuhla;ububanzi obuncane obufanayo njengesikhonkwane sebhokisi;usimende (bheka ngenhla);iphansi lekhanda licindezelwe njenge-wedge noma ifaneli futhi ingaphezulu lekhanda ligcizelelwe ukuze kugcinwe isiteleka sesando singasheleli.
·Spike: isipikili esikhulu;ngokuvamile ngaphezu kuka-4 ku-(100 mm) ubude
·Kuvunguza: isipikili socingo olusontekile;spiralizinzipho zinamashanki amancane kunawoevamileizinzipho ezinobukhulu obufanayo